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Assessing recent air-sea freshwater flux changes using a surface temperature-salinity space framework

机译：使用表面温度 - 盐度空间框架评估最近的海气淡水通量变化

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A novel assessment of recent changes in air-sea freshwater fluxes has been conducted using a surface temperature-salinity framework applied to four atmospheric reanalyses. Viewed in the T-S space of the ocean surface, the complex pattern of the longitude-latitude space mean global Precipitation minus Evaporation (PME) reduces to three distinct regions. The analysis is conducted for the period 1979-2007 for which there is most evidence for a broadening of the (atmospheric) tropical belt. All four of the reanalyses display an increase in strength of the water cycle. The range of increase is between 2%-30% over the period analysed, with an average of 14%. Considering the average across the reanalyses, the water cycle changes are dominated by changes in tropical as opposed to mid-high latitude precipitation. The increases in the water cycle strength, are consistent in sign, but larger than in a 1% greenhouse gas run of the HadGEM3 climate model. In the model a shift of the precipitation/evaporation cells to higher temperatures is more evident, due to the much stronger global warming signal. The observed changes in freshwater fluxes appear to be reflected in changes in the T-S distribution of the Global Ocean. Specifically, across the diverse range of atmospheric reanalyses considered here, there was an acceleration of the hydrological cycle during 1979-2007 which led to a broadening of the ocean's salinity distribution. Finally, although the reanalyses indicate that the warm temperature tropical precipitation dominated water cycle change, ocean observations suggest that ocean processes redistributed the freshening to lower ocean temperatures.
机译：使用应用于四个大气再分析的地表温度-盐度框架，对近期的海-海淡水通量变化进行了新颖的评估。从海洋表面的T-S空间来看，经纬度空间的复杂模式意味着全球降水减去蒸发（PME）减少到三个不同的区域。这项分析是针对1979-2007年进行的，这是最有证据表明（大气）热带带扩大的证据。所有这四个再分析都显示出水循环强度的增加。在所分析的期间内，增长幅度在2％-30％之间，平均为14％。考虑到再分析的平均值，水循环的变化主要是热带的变化，而不是中高纬度的降水。水循环强度的增加在符号上是一致的，但大于HadGEM3气候模型的1％温室气体运行。在该模型中，由于强烈的全球变暖信号，沉淀/蒸发池向更高温度的转变更为明显。观测到的淡水通量变化似乎反映在全球海洋的T-S分布变化中。具体而言，在这里考虑的各种大气再分析范围内，1979-2007年期间的水文循环加速了，这导致了海洋盐度分布的扩大。最后，尽管重新分析表明，热带降水是温暖的温度主导了水循环的变化，但海洋观测表明，海洋过程将新鲜度重新分配给了较低的海洋温度。

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